9.2. Sedimentary Rocks – Vocabulary
Section 9.0 Introduction
- bed
- contact
- environment
- weathering
- erosion
- transportation
- deposition
- burial
- lithify / lithification
- compact / compaction
- cement / cemented
- clastic sediment
- chemical sediment
- biochemical sediment
- organic sediment
- precipitate / precipitated / precipitation
Section 9.1 Clastic sedimentary rocks
- lithification
- compaction
- sediment
- deposit / deposited
- pore space
- cementation
- pore space
- precipitate
- cement
- clastic
- clast
- fragment
- grain size
- grain shape
- grain sorting
- conglomerate
- breccia
- sandstone
- arenite
- quartz arenite
- quartz sandstone
- feldspathic arenite
- arkose sandstone
- wacke
- shale
- mudstone
- fissile
- well-rounded
- angular
- lithic arenite
- lithic sandstone
- matrix
- greywacke
- siltstone
- claystone
- sediment maturity
- sedimentary rock
- immature sedimentary rock
- mature sedimentary rock
Section 9.2 Chemical and biochemical sedimentary rocks
- inorganic process
- organically-mediated process
- carbonate rock
- carbonate ion
- limestone
- marine
- freshwater
- aquatic
- reef
- shells
- tests
- tropical region
- nutrient-rich
- upwelling current
- offshore
- fore-reef area
- inshore
- back-reef area
- lagoon
- mollusc shell
- foraminifera test
- ooid
- tufa
- travertine
- speleothem
- stalactite
- stalagmite
- dolostone
- dolomite
- dolomitization
- chert
- silica
- cryptocrystalline
- nodule
- lens / lenses
- diatom
- radiolarian / radiolaria
- banded iron formation (BIF)
- ferrous iron
- cyanobacteria
- ferric iron
- oxygenation
- free oxygen
- evaporite
- arid region
- evaporate / evaporation
- concentrate / concentration
- dissolved salts
- saturate / saturation
- crystallize
- salt deposit
- inland sea
Section 9.3 Organic sedimentary rocks
- organic sedimentary rock
- organic molecule
- soft tissues
- coal
- stagnant
- oxidation
- oxygen-poor water
- decay
- peat
- lignite coal
- plant fossils
- coalification
- bituminous coal
- anthracite coal
Section 9.4 Depositional environments and sedimentary basins
- depositional environment
- sedimentary basin
- glacial
- alluvial
- aeolian
- lagoonal
- lacustrine
- evaporite
- deltaic
- fluvial
- tidal
- beach
- reef
- shallow water marine
- submarine fan
- shallow water marine
- deep water marine
- terrestrial depositional environment
- marine depositional environment
- transport process
- basin
- trench basin
- forearc basin
- foreland basin
- rift basin
- subside / subsidence
Section 9.5 Sedimentary structures and fossils
- geological principles
- principle of original horizontality
- principle of superposition
- principle of inclusions
- principle of faunal succession
- sedimentary structure
- bed / bedding
- parting
- cross-bedding
- ripple
- current flow
- graded bedding
- imbricate / imbricated
- mud cracks
Section 9.6 Groups, formations, and members
- unit
- stratigraphic unit
- formation
- group
- member
- lithology
- rock type
- bed
- turbidite
Other vocabulary
- sedimentation
- diagenesis
- biomineralization
- abrasion
- scouring
- turbulent
- saltation
- passive-margin basin
- foreland (flexural) basin
- flex / flexure / flexural
- terrigenous
- continental environment
- shoreline environment
- siliceous environment
- stratification
- paleodepositional environments
- bioturbation
- bedding sequence
- inclined beds
- bioturbation structures
- interstitial water
- massive
- phosphorite
