12.2. Earthquakes – Vocabulary
Section 12.0 Introduction
- earthquake
- magnitude
- shaking
- seismograph
- seismologist
Section 12.1 What is an earthquake?
- rupture
- displacement
- deform / deformation
- reversible
- elastic deformation
- vibrate / vibration
- shaking
- elastic rebound
- rupture surface
- fault plane
- asperities
- displacement
- fault
- hypocentre
- focus
- epicentre
- failure
- mainshock
- foreshock
- aftershock
- episodic tremor and slip (ETS)
- seismic tremor
- locked zone
- continuous slip zone
- ETS zone
Section 12.2 Measuring earthquakes
- seismic wave
- magnitude
- body waves
- P-wave / primary wave
- compression wave
- S-waves / secondary wave
- shear wave
- surface waves
- Rayleigh wave / R-wave
- Love wave / L-wave
- ground motion
- seismometer
- seismograph
- seismogram
- seismic station
- magnitude
- intensity
- energy release
- amplitude
- baseline
- Richter magnitude
- local magnitude
- moment magnitude
- seismic moment
- logarithmic scale
- modified Mercalli intensity scale
Section 12.3 Earthquakes and plate tectonics
- megathrust earthquake
- discontinuity
- intraplate earthquake
- induced seismicity
- hydraulic fracturing
- seismic zone
Section 12.4 The impacts of earthquakes
- direct impact / primary impact
- shaking
- structural damage
- secondary impact
- landslide
- fire
- tsunami
- frequency / frequencies
- vibration
- high frequency
- low frequency
- building code
- liquifaction
- subside / subsidence
- water-saturated
- sand volcano
- slope failure
- gas line rupture
- electrical line damage
- ocean wave height
Section 12.5 Forecasting earthquakes and minimizing impacts
- forecast
- predict
- creep
- magnetic field
- earthquake probability
- seismic upgrade
- preparedness
- emergency plan
- emergency supplies
Additional vocabulary not currently used in this chapter:
- Wadati-Benioff zone
- strain buildup and release
- elastic rebound theory
- fracture
- fault zone
- fault scarp
- focus / foci
- earthquake clusters
- S-P time interval
- triangulation
- ground acceleration
- wave refraction
- wave reflection
- slow earthquakes
- silent earthquakes
- low-frequency earthquakes
- slow-slip events
- nuclear test monitoring
- primary hazards
- secondary hazards
- earthquake retrofitting
