14.2. Groundwater – Vocabulary

Section 14.0: Introduction

  • spring
  • fresh water
  • glacial ice
  • groundwater
  • surface water
  • contaminated
  • sustainable / sustainably / sustainability

Section 14.1: Groundwater and aquifers

  • aquifer
  • municipal
  • agricultural
  • industrial
  • pore / porous / porosity
  • primary porosity
  • secondary porosity
  • fracture / fractured
  • unconsolidated sediment
  • cement / cementation
  • fine-grained
  • course-grained
  • consolidation
  • interlocking crystals
  • cavern / cavernous
  • dissolution
  • permeable / permeability
  • interconnected
  • friction
  • variable
  • extract
  • hydraulic conductivity (K)
  • solutional openings
  • polar molecule
  • aquitard
  • relative
  • absolute
  • unconfined aquifer
  • confined aquifer
  • confining layer
  • cross-section
  • seep / seepage

Section 14.2: Groundwater flow

  • groundwater flow
  • saturated
  • unsaturated
  • unsaturated zone
  • saturated zone
  • water table
  • precipitation
  • rain
  • hail
  • fog
  • runoff
  • infiltrate / infiltration
  • transpiration
  • evaporate / evaporation
  • root zone
  • recharge
  • topographic relief
  • water well
  • pump
  • recharge area
  • discharge area
  • viscosity
  • gravitational potential energy
  • potentiometric surface
  • potential energy
  • artesian well
  • flowing artesian well
  • perched aquifer
  • perched water table
  • hydraulic gradient
  • hydraulic conductivity
  • Darcy’s equation
  • hydrogeologist
  • velocity
  • underground storage tank (UST)
  • contamination
  • karst
  • cave
  • hydraulic head
  • equipotential
  • flow path
  • pressure gradient
  • right angle
  • hydraulic potential
  • Darcy’s law

Section 14.3: Groundwater extraction

  • groundwater extraction
  • spring
  • drill
  • well
  • water-well drilling rig
  • casing
  • well screen
  • submersible pump
  • municipal water supply well
  • irrigation
  • water level
  • cone of depression
  • dry well
  • rate
  • sustainable
  • unsustainable
  • observation well
  • automatic recorder
  • water level
  • fluctuation
  • groundwater chemistry
  • groundwater quality
  • private well
  • short term variation
  • store / storage
  • long-term fluctuation
  • variable / variation
  • extract / extraction
  • overextraction
  • license / licensing
  • surface water stream
  • ecosystem
  • streamflow
  • base flow
  • watershed
  • water-dependent
  • declining water level
  • drought
  • groundwater regulation
  • water usage
  • water table decline
  • impermeable surface
  • deplete / depleted / depletion
  • overuse
  • stress
  • drainage system
  • storm sewer
  • surface water infiltration
  • wetland
  • constructed wetland
  • decontaminate
  • infiltrate

Section 14.4: Groundwater quality

  • groundwater quality
  • surface water
  • naturally contaminated
  • inert
  • dissolve
  • consumption
  • agricultural use
  • level
  • exposure
  • toxic
  • bacterial contamination
  • groundwater supply
  • World Health Organization (WHO)
  • oxidation potential
  • anoxic conditions
  • anthropogenic contamination
  • pollution
  • vulnerable / vulnerability
  • landfill
  • animal waste
  • leaking storage tank
  • septic system
  • road runoff
  • golf course
  • agricultural contamination
  • landfill leachate
  • regulation
  • engineered landfill
  • impermeable liner
  • drain / draining / drainage
  • landfill gas
  • leak / leakage
  • aquatic habitat
  • recycle
  • industrial pollution
  • contaminated site
  • contaminated groundwater
  • environmental damage
  • acid rock drainage (ARD)
  • abandoned mine
  • operating mine
  • gas station
  • petroleum fuel
  • volatile component
  • solubility
  • petroleum vapour
  • septic tank
  • drainage field
  • anaerobic
  • sludge
  • aerobic
  • effluent
  • percolate
  • pathogenic bacteria
  • prevention
  • mitigation
  • tailings impoundment
  • remediation
  • pump and treat

Other vocabulary

  • seasonal fluctuation
  • groundwater discharge
  • groundwater recharge
  • groundwater withdrawal
  • impermeable layer
  • stream bed
  • losing stream
  • gaining stream
  • hydraulic pressure
  • intergranular
  • aquiclude
  • artesian aquifer
  • saltwater intrusion
  • naturally-occurring
  • subsidence
  • water pressure
  • groundwater flow
  • karst topography
  • sinkhole
  • stalactite
  • stalagmite

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Physical Geology Workbook Copyright © 2019 by Joyce M. McBeth is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted.

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