11.2. Volcanism – Vocabulary
Section 11.0 Introduction
- volcano / volcanoes
- erupt / eruption
- lava flow
- explosion
- hazards
Section 11.1 What is a volcano?
- volcano
- volcanism
- erupt
- magma
- lava
- fissure eruption
- magma chamber
- vent
- conduit
- crater
- flank eruption
- lava flow
- central vent
- volcanic debris
- caldera
- collapse
Section 11.2 Materials produced by volcanic eruptions
- tephra
- volcanic gas
- dissolved
- bubbles
- carbon dioxide (CO2)
- water vapour (H2O)
- sulfur dioxide (SO2)
- hydrogen sulfide (H2S)
- fumerole
- polymerization
- low viscosity
- high viscosity
- frothy
- lava dome
- rhyolitic lava
- basaltic lava
- andesitic lava
- lava tube
- solidify / solidified
- skylight
- lava levee
- pahoehoe
- ropy lava
- vesicles
- a’a / aa
- blocky lava
- lava flow toe
- pillow lava
- outcrop
- joints
- columnar joints
- pyroclastic material
- tephra
- pyroclast
- pyroclastic debris
- volcanic ash
- lapilli
- Pele’s tears
- Pele’s hair
- block
- bomb
- vesicular
- pumice
- scoria
- reticulite
Section 11.3 Types of volcanoes
- cinder cone / splatter cone
- composite volcano / stratovolcano
- shield volcano
- accumulation
Section 11.4 Types of volcanic eruptions
- eruption column
- explosiveness
- Hawai’ian eruption
- Strombolian eruption
- Vulcanian eruption
- Plinian eruption
- hydrovolcanic (phreatic) eruption
- explosive eruption
- effusive
- effusive eruption
- fissure eruption
- explosive
- pyroclastic flow
- lava dome
- nuee ardente
- eruptive column
- lahar
- volcanic lightning
Section 11.5 Plate tectonics and volcanism
- decompression melting
- mantle plume
- flux-melting
- hot spot
- ocean spreading ridge
- convection
- partial melting
- pillow lava
- lava flow
- continental rift zone
- fractional crystallization
- subduction zone
- slab
- hotspot volcano
- large igneous province (LIP)
- columnar basalt
- Columbia River Basalt Group
- Siberian Traps
- kimberlite
- kimberlite pipe
Section 11.6 Volcanic hazards
- volcanic gas
- tephra
- hydrofluoric acid (HF)
- aerosol
- pyroclastic flow
- flank
- tsunami
- lahar
- mud flow
- debris flow
- sector collapse / flank collapse
- earthquake
Section 11.7 Monitoring volcanoes and predicting eruptions
- sign
- imminent eruption
- gas leak
- bulge / bulging
- seismicity
- seismicity ceases
- big bump
- steam
- seismometer
- ground deformation
- tiltmeter
- Global Positioning System (GPS)
Section 11.8 Volcanoes in Canada
- British Columbia
- Yukon Territory
- subduction zone
- mantle plume
- continental rift zone
- Wrangell Volcanic Belt
- Garibaldi Volcanic Belt
- transform fault
- Stikine Volcanic Belt
- Anahim Volcanic Belt
- Wells Gray-Clearwater Volcanic Field
- Cascade Volcanic Arc
- Juan de Fuca Plate
- volcanic centre
- tuya
- North America Plate
- Rainbow Range
Other vocabulary
- landform
- constructive geological process
- glassy
- obsidian
- welded tuff
- central vent volcano
- summit crater
- large scale volcanic terrains
- volcanic dome
- rhyolite caldera complexes
- diatreme
- xenolith
- monogenetic field
- maar vent
- basalt plateau
- flood basalts
- intraplate volcanism
- hydrosphere
- volatiles
- geysers
- hydrothermal activity
- caldera collapse
- mount / mt
List of some well known volcanoes
- Mt Garibaldi / Nch’ḵay̓ (BC, Canada)
- Mt Meager (BC, Canada)
- Kilauea (Hawai’i, USA)
- Mauna Loa (Hawai’i, USA)
- Yellowstone Caldera (USA)
- Mt Edziza (BC, Canada)
- Nazka cone (BC, Canada)
- Mauna Loa (Hawai’i, USA)
- Mt Edziza (BC, Canada)
- Mt St Helens (USA)
- Popocatépetl (Mexico)
- Pacaya Volcano (Guatamala)
- Cotopaxi (Equador)
- Chimborazo (Equador)
- Eyjafjallajökull (Iceland)
- Mt Vesuvius (Italy)
- Santorini (Italy)
- Mt Stromboli (Italy)
- Mt Etna (Italy)
- Mt Teide (Tenerife, Spain)
- Mt Kilimanjaro (Tanzania)
- Mt Fuji (Japan)
- Sierra Negra (Galapagos Islands)
- Mt Pinatubo (Philippines)
- Krakatoa (Indonesia)
- Mt Tambora (Indonesia)
- Mt Merapi (Indonesia)
- Rotorua Caldera (New Zealand)
- Lake Taupo / Taupo Volcano (New Zealand)
