7.2. Igneous Rocks – Vocabulary
Section 7.1 Magma and how it forms
- magma
- igneous rock
- composition
- crust
- most abundant elements (oxygen, silicon, aluminum, iron, calcium, sodium, magnesium, potassium)
- lighter elements (hydrogen, carbon, sulfur / sulphur)
- water vapour
- carbon dioxide
- hydrogen sulfide / hydrogen sulphide
- sulfur dioxide / sulphur dioxide
- partial melting
- melting temperature
- melt (noun)
- percolate
- pool (verb)
- decompression melting
- flux-induced melting
- volatile compounds
- convection
- plume
- rift zone
- flux (noun)
- subduction zone
- viscous / viscosity
- runny
- thick
- polymerize
Section 7.2 Crystallization of magma
- crystallize
- crystal
- Bowen’s reaction series
- continuous branch
- discontinuous branch
- quench
- chemical reaction
- transition
- zone / zoned
- unstable
- react
- silica tetrahedra
- series
- xenolith
- rim
- magma composition
- felsic
- intermediate
- mafic
- ultramafic
- komatiites
- crystal settling
- fractional crystallization
- magma chamber
- settle
- remelt
- country rock
Section 7.3 Classification of igneous rocks
- chemical composition
- felsic
- intermediate
- mafic
- ultramafic
- classification
- intrusive / plutonic
- extrusive / volcanic
- granite
- diorite
- gabbro
- peridotite
- rhyolite
- andesite
- basalt
- komatiite
- grain size
- texture
- phaneritic / course-grained
- aphanitic / fine-grained
- geological setting
- erupt / erupted
- eruption
- porphyritic
- porphyry
- phenocryst
- groundmass / matrix
- ferromagnesian mineral
- light mineral
- dark mineral
- magnification
- glassy
- gas bubble
- vesicle
- vesicular
- amygdule
- cooling rate
- volcanic glass
- obsidian
- scoria
- pumice
- float
Section 7.4 Classification of igneous rocks
- stoping (rhymes with “nope”)
- pluton
- stock
- batholith
- dike / dyke
- sill
- laccolith
- pipe
- cylindrical
- conduit
- regular shape
- irregular shape
- coalesce
- igneous intrusion
- tabular intrusion
- concordant
- discordant
- lopolith
- chilled margin
Other vocabulary (not currently in text)
- ropy
- blocky
- magmatic differentiation
- massive
- mineralogy
- pyroclasts
- dyke swarm
- ash
- bombs
- magmatic stoping
- diffuse
- vein
- igneous province
- flood basalt
- pahoehoe
- aa
- geothermal gradient
- solidus
- geotherm
- fluid-induced melting
- residue
- wall-rock assimilation
- magma migration
- magma mixing
- igneous evolution
