14.2. Groundwater – Vocabulary
Section 14.0: Introduction
- spring
- fresh water
- glacial ice
- groundwater
- surface water
- contaminated
- sustainable / sustainably / sustainability
Section 14.1: Groundwater and aquifers
- aquifer
- municipal
- agricultural
- industrial
- pore / porous / porosity
- primary porosity
- secondary porosity
- fracture / fractured
- unconsolidated sediment
- cement / cementation
- fine-grained
- course-grained
- consolidation
- interlocking crystals
- cavern / cavernous
- dissolution
- permeable / permeability
- interconnected
- friction
- variable
- extract
- hydraulic conductivity (K)
- solutional openings
- polar molecule
- aquitard
- relative
- absolute
- unconfined aquifer
- confined aquifer
- confining layer
- cross-section
- seep / seepage
Section 14.2: Groundwater flow
- groundwater flow
- saturated
- unsaturated
- unsaturated zone
- saturated zone
- water table
- precipitation
- rain
- hail
- fog
- runoff
- infiltrate / infiltration
- transpiration
- evaporate / evaporation
- root zone
- recharge
- topographic relief
- water well
- pump
- recharge area
- discharge area
- viscosity
- gravitational potential energy
- potentiometric surface
- potential energy
- artesian well
- flowing artesian well
- perched aquifer
- perched water table
- hydraulic gradient
- hydraulic conductivity
- Darcy’s equation
- hydrogeologist
- velocity
- underground storage tank (UST)
- contamination
- karst
- cave
- hydraulic head
- equipotential
- flow path
- pressure gradient
- right angle
- hydraulic potential
- Darcy’s law
Section 14.3: Groundwater extraction
- groundwater extraction
- spring
- drill
- well
- water-well drilling rig
- casing
- well screen
- submersible pump
- municipal water supply well
- irrigation
- water level
- cone of depression
- dry well
- rate
- sustainable
- unsustainable
- observation well
- automatic recorder
- water level
- fluctuation
- groundwater chemistry
- groundwater quality
- private well
- short term variation
- store / storage
- long-term fluctuation
- variable / variation
- extract / extraction
- overextraction
- license / licensing
- surface water stream
- ecosystem
- streamflow
- base flow
- watershed
- water-dependent
- declining water level
- drought
- groundwater regulation
- water usage
- water table decline
- impermeable surface
- deplete / depleted / depletion
- overuse
- stress
- drainage system
- storm sewer
- surface water infiltration
- wetland
- constructed wetland
- decontaminate
- infiltrate
Section 14.4: Groundwater quality
- groundwater quality
- surface water
- naturally contaminated
- inert
- dissolve
- consumption
- agricultural use
- level
- exposure
- toxic
- bacterial contamination
- groundwater supply
- World Health Organization (WHO)
- oxidation potential
- anoxic conditions
- anthropogenic contamination
- pollution
- vulnerable / vulnerability
- landfill
- animal waste
- leaking storage tank
- septic system
- road runoff
- golf course
- agricultural contamination
- landfill leachate
- regulation
- engineered landfill
- impermeable liner
- drain / draining / drainage
- landfill gas
- leak / leakage
- aquatic habitat
- recycle
- industrial pollution
- contaminated site
- contaminated groundwater
- environmental damage
- acid rock drainage (ARD)
- abandoned mine
- operating mine
- gas station
- petroleum fuel
- volatile component
- solubility
- petroleum vapour
- septic tank
- drainage field
- anaerobic
- sludge
- aerobic
- effluent
- percolate
- pathogenic bacteria
- prevention
- mitigation
- tailings impoundment
- remediation
- pump and treat
Other vocabulary
- seasonal fluctuation
- groundwater discharge
- groundwater recharge
- groundwater withdrawal
- impermeable layer
- stream bed
- losing stream
- gaining stream
- hydraulic pressure
- intergranular
- aquiclude
- artesian aquifer
- saltwater intrusion
- naturally-occurring
- subsidence
- water pressure
- groundwater flow
- karst topography
- sinkhole
- stalactite
- stalagmite
