1.4 UDL Principle 2: Design Multiple Means of Representation

Challenge

✅ Continue your work on the How Do I Teach? Checklist that you started earlier.

Complete the second section of the checklist to consider the ways you currently create a learning environment in which ideas and information are represented in multiple ways.

What does “Multiple Means of Representation” mean?

Multiple means of representation (or the “what” of learning) is about providing learners various and flexible ways to access, engage with, and comprehend course materials and information. This principle supports learner variability by accommodating different sensory, linguistic, and cultural needs, ensuring equitable access to information. In its simplest form, this could mean offering textbooks in audio or multimedia formats. This principle also focuses on the diversity in how students perceive and process information, including decoding syntax, vocabulary, notation, symbols, disciplinary language, and cultural context. It emphasizes making complex ideas more comprehensible through scaffolds like translations, glossaries, or visuals. The goal is to support students in using multiple representations and developing fluency in traversing across them.

Offering flexible, multimodal representations acknowledges learner diversity in comprehension and perception, ensuring that all students, including those with disabilities or diverse language and cultural backgrounds, can access and process course content effectively. For example, students with visual impairment may find print materials inaccessible, and students from diverse linguistic, cultural, and sensory backgrounds may face barriers to understanding when educational materials assume uniform experiences. UDL calls for creating materials that are culturally responsive, offering multiple perspectives, translations, or alternatives to text-based resources. In a learning environment that applies this principle, material and content are presented in a variety of ways at the outset.

The principle also includes pedagogical approaches to a topic or concept. An educator could decide to give a concept overview (lecture) followed by an example and an application of the concept through an in-class exercise. Other examples of approaches include statistics, case studies, and authoritative opinion. If one approach is ineffective, a different approach may work better. 

Remember the “who” of learning, and recognize that learner variability is the rule, not the exception. Offering diverse representations of information ensures that all students can engage with and comprehend material in ways that align with their unique sensory abilities, and with their cognitive and cultural strengths.  

🔎 USask Lens:

Student testimonial from the Wellness Strategy Report:

“I understand memorization and retaining concepts specifically is a really large aspect of learning, but to integrate a concept really fully you have to be able to connect it to other ideas. I would like to see more of an emphasis on making sure that the connections between different units in course material are presented really clearly to students, because that provides a really good line for them to start drawing their own connections and contribute to their own retention and learning over the course.”

Utilizing multiple means of representation is one way to ensure that “connections between different units … are presented really clearly to students”.  Multiple means of representation provide all students with the opportunity to access, engage, and make sense of concepts.

The following short video from the Southern Illinois Professional Development Center offers an overview of this UDL principle.

What might “Design Multiple Means of Representation” look like in the classroom?

This table provides some examples of designing multiple means of representation in a postsecondary classroom. Categories are listed on the left, with ideas for implementation on the right.

Examples for implementing multiple means of representation in a postsecondary classroom
Multiple Means of Representation Putting it into Practice
Accessible course materials
  • Use common file formats such as .doc, .pdf, and HTML so that documents are compatible with assistive technologies (like text-to-speech software)
  • Embed accessibility features into course documents and materials, such as alt text for images, properly-formatted headings and tables, and descriptive links
  • Put a copy of the course text on reserve in the library
  • Provide links to Creative Commons resources
  • Use Open Education Resources (OER)
  • Ensure digital access to course materials (e.g., by posting electronic versions of handouts, slides, readings, etc.), doing this in advance if appropriate
  • Include captions for graphics
  • Enable closed captioning and provide transcripts for videos
  • Integrate dynamic content (e.g., digital interactive tools, hyperlinked references, and multimedia resources) to cater to various learning preferences
Multimodal sources of information
  • Supplement lecture and reading assignments with visual aids (e.g., photographs, videos, diagrams, interactive simulations)
  • Augment required readings with alternative formats such as audio and video
  • Video recordings of lectures if allowed
  • Add an audio file explaining a major assignment
  • Provide multiple media, including models, graphics, or interactive content
  • Leverage technology, such as animations, interactive simulations, or digital manipulatives
  • Embed interactive questions/quizzes into videos
Pedagogical approaches
  • Use diverse pedagogical approaches to topics or concepts, such as storytelling, logic, data visualization, case studies, narratives, testimonials, and multiple perspectives
  • Integrate culturally relevant materials and lived experiences into teaching strategies
Student-created materials
  • Graphic organizer summary created by students
  • Concept maps, metaphors, illustrations, storyboards
  • Students post their class notes to the course site (perhaps in small groups)
  • Students create their own glossary of terms throughout the course
Comprehension and key concepts
  • Ensure your course syllabus clearly describes your outcomes, content, assessments, and your expectations of the students.
  • Create an advance organizer or study guide to go over expectations for the following week (e.g., readings, focus questions, videos to watch, etc.)
  • Provide an agenda and key concepts overview at the beginning of each class
  • Practice exercises and solutions
  • Highlight patterns and themes between ideas
  • Post a list of Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) and responses online
Check for understanding
  • Summarize key points throughout the class, and tie these points to the larger course outcomes
  • Use active learning strategies such as a hinge questions or predictions to review the key points of your lesson
  • Online discussion forums
  • Q & A in class
  • Student response systems (e.g., Poll Everywhere) to check for comprehension and guide further discussion

 

Web Resources

For more resources on how to provide multiple means of representation, see the guidelines and checkpoints from CAST at: Principle: Design Multiple Means of Representation

 

Reflection: One Small Step

What UDL strategies would you like to try when designing (or redesigning) your next course?

Use the following questions for considering this principle in more depth as it might apply to your course (and remember – start with just one small step!).

Questions for Designing Multiple Means of Representation:

  • How can you ensure your course materials are accessible to as many students as possible?
  • How might you present main course concepts in more than one format?
  • Does your course offer opportunities to encourage student agency?
  • What learning activities could emphasize comprehension of key concepts?
  • How might you informally gauge student understanding of course concepts?

 

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Universal Design for Learning: One Small Step Copyright © 2022 by Sara Dzaman; Derek Fenlon; Julie Maier; and Toni Marchione is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted.

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