10.1 Nutrition and Weight Control

Why Are So Many Canadians Overweight?

Canadians are eating too much—much more so than in the past. in 2014, 20% of Canadians self-reported their height and weight, such that they were classified as obese. Another 40% self-reported as overweight^[1]. That means that 60% of us are not eating well or getting enough exercise. There are many intertwined causes of this problem in Canadian culture.

Why are being overweight and obese a problem? Obesity is associated with many medical conditions, including diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and some cancers^[2]. Although some health problems may not appear until later in life, diabetes is expected to become increasingly prevalent in Canada ^[3]. Worse yet, the habits young adults may already have or may form during their university years generally continue into later years.

But it’s not just about body weight. Good nutrition is still important even if you don’t have a health problem. What you eat affects how you feel and how well you function mentally and physically. Food affects how well you study and how you do on tests. Doughnuts for breakfast can lower your grades!

Why Do Students Find It So Tough to Eat Healthily?

If Canadians have trouble eating well in an environment that encourages overeating, university students often have it even worse. It seems like food is everywhere, and students are always snacking between classes. Fast food restaurants abound. There may not be time to get back to your dorm or apartment for lunch, and it’s just so easy to grab a quick pastry at the coffee spot as you pass by between classes.

It’s the eating by habit, or mindlessly, that usually gets us in trouble. If we’re mindful instead, however, it’s easy to develop better habits. Take the Nutrition Self-Assessment to evaluate your present eating habits.

Eating Well: It’s Not So Difficult

The key to a good diet is to eat a varied diet with lots of vegetables, fruits, and whole grains and to minimize fats, sugar, and salt. The exact amounts depend on your calorie requirements and activity levels, but you don’t have to count calories or measure and weigh your food to eat well. The following is Health Canada’s Food Guide^[4].

If You Need to Lose Weight

If you need to lose weight, don’t try to starve yourself. Gradual steady weight loss is healthier and easier. Try these guidelines:

1. Check your body mass index (BMI) to see the normal weight range for your height (see “Additional Resources” below for more information).
2. Set your goals and make a plan you can live with. Start by avoiding snacks and fast foods. Try to choose foods that meet the guidelines listed above.
3. Stay active and try to exercise frequently.
4. Keep a daily food journal and write down what you eat. Simply writing it down helps people be more aware of their habits, as well as motivated to eat better.
5. Visit the University of Saskatchewan Student Health Services on campus and ask for more information about weight loss programs.
6. Remember, no single plan works for everyone. Visit the online resources listed later for a variety of approaches for weight loss.

Avoiding the Freshman Fifteen

The “freshman fifteen” refers to the weight gain many students experience in their first year of university. Even those whose weight was at an appropriate level often gained unwanted pounds because of changes in their eating habits.

Start by looking back at the boxes you checked in the Nutrition Self-Assessment. Be honest with yourself. If your first choice for a snack is cookies, ice cream, or chips, think about that. If your first choice for lunch is a burger and fries, have you considered other choices?

Eating Disorders

The most common eating disorders are anorexia, bulimia, and binge eating. Please visit the National Eating Disorder Information Centre for more detailed clinical definitions of the following eating disorders.

Anorexia is characterized by excessive weight loss and self-starvation. The individual usually feels “fat” regardless of how thin she or he becomes and may continue to eat less and less. If your BMI is lower than the bottom of the normal range, you may be developing anorexia.

Bulimia is characterized by frequent binge eating followed by an attempt to compensate for or “undo” the overeating with a behavior such as self-induced vomiting or laxative abuse.

Binge eating disorder is characterized by frequent binge eating without compensatory behavior to “undo” the overeating. Binge eating usually leads to weight gain and eventual obesity.

It is estimated that between 600,000 to 990,000 individuals suffer from an eating disorder in Canada^[5]. The causes are complex, and the individual usually needs help to overcome their obsession. Eating disorders hurt one’s health in a variety of ways and can become life threatening. The signs of a possible eating disorder include the following:

• Eating secretly when others can’t see
• Having a strong fear of being overweight or gaining weight
• Only eating a limited number of foods
• Exercising obsessively
• Lacking a monthly menstrual period